SWISS MEDICAL EXPERTISE: ZURICH, MALLORCA, LONDON

11 Minutes

Edited & medically reviewed by COGNIFUL Team
Fact checked

Freebase cocaine is a highly potent and concentrated form of cocaine, particularly known for its quick and intense effects. It is made through a specific procedure to create a variant that can be easily smoked. This new method of inhalation enables the drug to reach the bloodstream rapidly, causing a temporary high that can be overwhelming and addictive at the same time. 

Freebase cocaine has attracted a lot of attention specifically because of the way it enhances the drug’s effects. However, this also makes it significantly more dangerous than other available forms. The powerful high associated with freebase cocaine comes at the cost of severe health risks, including an increased risk of dependency. Understanding what freebasing cocaine is, how it works, and its associated dangers is necessary to use it safely.

Freebasing cocaine includes a process that converts cocaine hydrochloride, the powdered form of the drug, into a variant that can be smoked. The process adds to the drug’s potency and changes the method of consumption, essentially leading to a short-lived but very intense high. The preparation of freebase cocaine involves multiple steps such as:

Dissolving Cocaine Hydrochloride

The process starts with dissolving powdered cocaine into water. As a water-soluble salt, cocaine hydrochloride easily dissolves, creating a solution.

Adding a Solvent

A solvent such as ether or ammonia is then added to the above solution to separate the cocaine base from the attached hydrochloride molecule. The choice of solvent usually affects the efficiency of this separation.

Isolating the Cocaine Base

As the solvent acts on the solution, a precipitate is formed. This precipitate contains the pure cocaine base, which is more powerful than its raw form. It is then filtered out, leaving behind a dried solid which is further processed to form a paste-like substance that can be heated and smoked. The change in physical form allows freebase cocaine to vaporize when exposed to heat, making it an ideal variant for inhalation.

Freebase cocaine works by stimulating the brain’s reward system. When smoked, the drug quickly reaches the lungs and gets absorbed into the blood from where it starts traveling to the brain. Once in the brain, freebase cocaine interferes with the normal function of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine.

Dopamine is a brain chemical that regulates the feelings of pleasure and motivation. Under usual circumstances, dopamine is released as a response to rewarding activities and then reabsorbed by brain cells, maintaining a balance in its levels. Studies show that cocaine disturbs this process by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine, causing an accumulation of the neurotransmitter in the brain [1]. This consequent high dopamine can lead to overstimulation and a powerful high.

This quick speed and intensity of the euphoria make freebase cocaine distinctive from other variants. The method of smoking leads to almost immediate impacts, producing a feeling that can be very addictive. However, the rapid onset also means the euphoria does not last long, which makes many use the drug more frequently to maintain the feeling.

Following are the physical and mental effects that collectively form the experience of freebasing cocaine:

Physical Effects

  • Increased Heart Rate: Freebase cocaine significantly increases the heart rate as it affects the central nervous system, making users feel more energetic.
  • High Blood Pressure: The drug’s stimulating properties also lead to elevated blood pressure.
  • Elevated Energy Levels: Users typically experience heightened physical energy levels. Many also report being more physically capable and vigilant.
  • Dilated Pupils: Freebase cocaine triggers a fight-or-flight response in the body, causing visible physical changes such as dilated pupils.
  • Decreased Appetite: The stimulant properties of the drug also suppress the appetite, making users lose interest in food.

Mental Effects

  • Euphoria: The drug induces a powerful euphoria produced by the buildup of dopamine in the brain.
  • Increased Focus and Alertness: Freebase cocaine increases mental focus, making users more attentive and aware of their surroundings.
  • Feelings of Invincibility: The high from using freebase cocaine may cause some to feel invincible, contributing to risky behavior.
  • Enhanced Confidence: Many users experience a boost in confidence, which may impact their social interactions.
  • Racing Thoughts: The stimulant nature of freebase cocaine may lead to racing thoughts that are difficult to control.

While freebasing cocaine can intensify its euphoric effects, it can also increase its side effects profile. Following are some short-term side effects associated with its use:

  • Heart Palpitations and Anxiety: Freebase cocaine can lead to irregular or rapid heartbeats, accompanied by anxiety and panic. Users may have chest pain with a racing heart, which can be very uncomfortable.
  • Paranoia and Confusion: According to studies, the increase in vigilance caused by freebase cocaine paves the way for paranoia [2]. Consequently, users may feel fearful or suspicious without any reason.
  • Respiratory Discomfort: Smoking freebase cocaine can irritate the lungs and airways, resulting in a tight sensation in the chest or difficulty breathing
  • Nausea and Mental Distress: Some users experience nausea or vomiting as freebase cocaine stresses out the nervous system.
  • Intense Cravings and Muscle Tremors: The effects of freebase cocaine do not last very long, making many users crave another dose as soon as the euphoric effects diminish. These cravings may also come with physical symptoms like muscle tremors or twitching, contributing to the feeling of restlessness.
  • Heightened Sensory Perception: Users may have a heightened sensitivity to light, sound, and touch, which may overwhelm or agitate them more easily.

Persistent use of freebase cocaine can lead to severe and lasting health issues, affecting both the body and mind. Some of the chronic adverse impacts of prolonged use of the drug are:

Respiratory Damage

  • Chronic Bronchitis: Research shows that [3] consistent irritation of the airways due to freebase cocaine can lead to consistent coughing, difficulty in breathing, and wheezing.
  • Reduced Lung Function: Damaged lung tissues due to freebase cocaine use can negatively impact breathing capacity. This can make performing physical activities challenging while increasing the risk of respiratory infections.

Cardiovascular Issues

  • Hypertension: Consistently high blood pressure from regular freebase cocaine use increases the chances of developing chronic hypertension, which gradually harms the blood vessels and other vital organs.
  • Heart Disease: Continuous stimulation of the heart can cause arrhythmias, damage the heart muscles, and elevate the risk of having a heart attack or stroke.

Neurological Impact

  • Cognitive Decline: Exposure to high dopamine levels can cause issues with attention and memory [4], difficulty performing complex tasks, and poor decision-making.
  • Mood Disorders: Chronic use of freebase cocaine has also been linked to an increased risk of mental disorders like anxiety and depression secondary to chemical imbalances.

Weakened Immune System

Chronic use of freebase cocaine can make the immune system weak. As a result, users have a higher risk of infections and illnesses as their body struggles to reverse the damage and fight off pathogens at the same time.

Dental Problems

Smoking freebase cocaine can damage oral health, causing problems like tooth decay and oral lesions. The chemicals in the smoke can also erode enamel and irritate the gums, worsening dental issues over time.

Freebase cocaine has a significant risk of causing addiction and dependency because of its powerful and fast-acting effects. The addiction typically develops due to the drug’s rapid effects that cause an amalgamation of dopamine in the brain. As the brain adjusts to these artificially increased dopamine levels, users may need progressively higher doses of freebase cocaine to get the same effects, a phenomenon known as tolerance. 

Over time, these increasing doses cause physical and psychological dependence on the drug, making it challenging for individuals to function normally without using freebase cocaine.

Signs of Addiction

  • Compulsive Use: An inability to control cocaine use, even when it leads to adverse outcomes.
  • Preoccupation with the Drug: Spending a significant amount of time thinking about how to get or use freebase cocaine.
  • Neglecting Responsibilities: Avoiding work, family, or social responsibilities to use the drug.
  • Withdrawal Symptoms: Experiencing irritability or physical discomfort when not using freebase cocaine.

These signs signify the shift from occasional use to a repeated pattern that characterizes addiction.

At-Risk Groups

Specific individuals have a higher chance of developing an addiction to freebase cocaine. These groups include the following:

  • People with a History of Substance Use: Those with previous substance addictions or drug use are more likely to develop a dependency on freebase cocaine due to similar behavior patterns.
  • Individuals with Mental Health Disorders: Disorders like depression and anxiety increase the chances of abusing substances like freebase cocaine.
  • Young Adults: Adolescents and young adults are specifically vulnerable because of various factors, such as peer pressure, which make them more impulsive and willing to engage in risky activities.

Studies have proven that a progressively worsening addiction to a drug, such as freebase cocaine, can significantly increase the risk of an overdose  [5]. Individuals who use freebase cocaine more frequently may develop an underlying dependence, making it easy to cross the safe limit and consume it in higher doses. 

The drug’s quick absorption in the blood means that the most minor changes in dosage can cause life-threatening situations. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the signs of freebase cocaine overdose on time to get prompt medical help. Some of the major signs of an overdose include:

  • Extreme Agitation: Users may become very agitated and find it difficult to stay calm.
  • Severe Chest Pain: Pressure or pain in the chest can be a sign of a heart issue, such as an arrhythmia or heart attack, which can be commonly experienced during a cocaine overdose.
  • Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat: A racing heartbeat may indicate that the heart is under severe stress, which may lead to cardiac arrest.
  • Difficulty Breathing: Shallow breathing may occur, followed by a blue tint to the lips or fingernails, showing a lack of oxygen in the body.
  • Seizures: Freebase cocaine can cause seizures, specifically in cases of high doses, as the brain is unable to cope with consistent stimulation.
  • High Body Temperature: Users may have hyperthermia, where the body temperature rises dangerously high, potentially leading to unconsciousness.

Knowing how to respond to a freebase cocaine overdose can be lifesaving. If any of the signs above are seen, take the following measures:

  • Call Emergency Services: Call emergency medical services immediately and provide information about the person’s condition and drug use, if known.
  • Ensure a Clear Airway: If the person cannot breathe properly, position them on their side. This maneuver can help keep the person’s airway open, particularly if they are unconscious or vomiting.
  • Do Not Leave Them Alone: Stay with the individual until help arrives. Provide reassurance if they are agitated or anxious.
  • Use Cooling Methods: If they have signs of hyperthermia, like high body temperature, apply a cool cloth to their neck and forehead.
  • Avoid Giving Food or Drink: Do not try to make the person eat or drink, as it can worsen their condition, specifically if they are vomiting or have nausea.

It is possible to avoid the harmful effects of freebase cocaine, including addiction, overdose, and other consequences, through the following simple strategies:  

Limiting Use and Seeking Support

One of the most effective ways to prevent an addiction is to limit use from the beginning. Freebase cocaine’s addictive nature makes it easy to develop a dependency, even after a few uses. It is vital for individuals to recognize the signs of increased use to take timely action. Contacting loved ones, such as friends or family, can provide the accountability needed to maintain control over use.

Prioritizing Health

Minimizing the adverse effects of freebase cocaine is also possible by following strategies that prioritize general health. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising, getting enough sleep, and staying hydrated can help cut down cravings for the drug while reducing stress on organs caused by previous uses.

Seeking Professional Help

Getting professional guidance is necessary for individuals who are unable to control abusing freebase cocaine. Therapists and medical professionals can offer personalized care plans that address the physical and psychological aspects of such a dependency. Professional treatment programs, such as outpatient or inpatient rehab, can also provide an appropriate space where individuals can learn coping strategies, explore the causes of addiction, and receive support. Getting timely professional intervention can prevent the escalation of use, treat addiction, decrease the risk of freebase cocaine overdose, and restore overall health.

Learning about the Risks

Learning about the dangers of freebase cocaine use can help individuals prevent its use. Knowing that it can potentially affect the brain and body, induce an overdose, or cause long-term issues may motivate individuals to approach the substance with caution. Additionally, accessing educational resources or simply talking to a healthcare professional are some ways to learn about the risks associated with freebasing cocaine.

Healthy Coping Mechanisms

Emotional issues and stress are among the primary reasons behind substance use, making it essential to learn their management. Relaxing activities, such as journaling, reading, meditation, and yoga, can provide an outlet for dealing with these stressors and preventing them from causing freebase cocaine abuse.

Freebasing cocaine can boost the drug’s potency and effects, making it riskier to use. However, understanding these risks and taking preventive measures can reduce the potential for harm. Awareness of abuse signs and seeking professional guidance and support while adopting better coping mechanisms can assist individuals in making safer choices while using freebase cocaine. Whether preventing freebase cocaine side effects or working towards its addiction recovery, the focus should remain on safeguarding well-being. Making the right decisions can lead to a healthier future, even amidst the difficulties caused by substances like freebase cocaine.

FAQs

HOW COGNIFUL CAN HELP

COGNIFUL is a leading provider of luxury addiction and mental health treatment for affluent individuals and their families, offering a blend of innovative science and holistic methods with unparalleled individualised care.

UNIQUE METHOD

A SUCCESSFUL AND PROVEN CONCEPT FOCUSING ON UNDERLYING CAUSES
Therapeutic Community
Lasting Approach
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY & HOLISTIC
HEALING ENVIRONMENT
LUXURY FACILITY
TRAUMA INFORMED THERAPY

LASTING APPROACH

0 Before

Send Admission Request

0 Before

Define Treatment Goals

1 week

Assessments & Detox

1-4 week

Psychological & Holistic Therapy

4 week

Family Therapy

5-8 week

Aftercare

12+ week

Refresher Visit